劍橋英語教師叢書：第二語言課堂評估 epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

劍橋英語教師叢書：第二語言課堂評估 epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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劍橋英語教師叢書：第二語言課堂評估 epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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內容簡介

　　本叢書精選自劍橋大學齣版社為語言教師設計的多套論著和教程，均為當代語言教育領域的力作。由當今國際語言教育界的人士編著並由國內英語教育界專傢學者撰寫前言或導讀。本叢書的20個選題是目前英語教師需要瞭解的課題。本叢書可作為英語教師繼續教育和師範院校英語係的教材，並可供在職大中學教師和語言教育研究者使用。

精彩書評

　　外研社和人教社聯閤推齣這套“劍橋英語教師叢書”，以配閤全國中小學英語教師的培訓工程。本套叢書的使用者注意兩點：一， 這套書不僅僅傳播技巧，更重要的是提供思想和方法；不是提供對問題的現成答案，而是告訴你各種理論觀點和看法。第二，本套叢書的讀者應該努力初步掌握外語教學中的科研方法，學會設計小型的科研項目，學會進行課堂觀察，設計問捲，經常寫教學日誌，會抽樣，會收集各種數據，會統計和分析數據等。
　　……

目錄

總序
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Series editors preface
Authorsacknowledgments
導讀
1.Introduction to evaluation
I GETTING STARTED
2.The context of second language evaluation
3.A framework for evaluation
4.Collecting information
II EVALUATING WITHOUT TESTS
5.Observation in the classroom
6.Portfolios and conferences
7.Journals，questionnaires，and interviews
III EVALUATING WITH TESTS
8.Testing
9.Objectives-referenced testing
10.Choosing and devising test tasks
11.Assembling and scoring tests
12.Interpreting test scores
13.Standardizde tests
14.Summary and integration
Index

精彩書摘

On the basis of their observations, teachers assess what students have and have not learned; they infer the learning strategies students may be using that are facilitating or:impeding learning; they assess the effective-ness of particuiar teaching strategies; they determine which instructional activities and materials the students enjoy; and so on. Information derived from such observations is fundamental to the day-to-day functioning ofthe classroom because it provides a basis for understanding what is happening and for making decisions about what should follow. For example, based on a number of observations, a teacher may judge that a particular student has not learned what was being taught in class that week, whereas the other students have. Alternatively, the teacher may judge that quite a few stu- dents have not leamed the target structure. The observation that only one student has failed to learn a target structure will lead to very different decisions by the teacher than the observation that most ofthe students have not learned it.
Teachers also seek to understand how their students are learning and, in particular, to explain those instances when learning does not occur as planned. Their explanations of these situations can be used to plan instruc-tion that will promote learning. In seeking to explain failure to learn, teachers use observation to make inferences about instructional or learning processes or strategies. Observation of student behavior when a particular unit is taught might lead the teacher to infer that t:he students were using strategies that might be effectiVe in their first language but lead to mistakes in the second language. For example, the students may use discourse pat-terns from their first language that are inappropriate in.the second lan-guage. Or the teacher may infer that the students did not find the mate-rials and activities interesting and, therefore, they were not motivated to learn. Teachers' observations of themselves may lead them to infer that they are using instructional strategies that are not working: perhaps they had not been very clear when explaining an assignment or they did not model a new grammatical pattem sufficiently before having the students try using it.
Inferences concerning learning and teaching processes are much more difficult to make than inferences concerning learning outcomes, yet they are equally important for effective teaching. Inferences about language learning outcomes can be made on the basis of observations of concrete instances of the students' actual language use. For example, does the stu-dent use the past tense correctly and appropriately when speaking and/or writing? In comparison, infer.ences about processes related to teaching and learning are based on observations of a wider range ofbehaviors and events and their interrelationships. For example, a teacher's understanding of stu-dent errors when writing and what to do about them might follow from observations directed at answering the following kinds of questions: What kinds of errors do the students make? Can their mistakes be traced to a particular source, such as the first language?. Do they tend to make certain errors under some circumstances more than others? Do they avoid the use of certain structures or communicative functions altogether? It is evident from-this single example that it is not the observation of discrete instances oflanguage use that provides evidence about learning processes; rather, it is the observation of categories of events (such as errors) or fairly complex interrelationships among events (for example, the linguistic or communica-tive contexts within which errors tend to occur more frequently) that are the bases for inferences about learning processes. The same can be said about processes related to teaching.
Inferences about learning and instructional processes are important be-cause they affect significantly the ways in which teachers respond to their students. For example, the inference that students are using strategies derived from the first language when using their second language might lead the teacher to explain to the students the difference between the first and second language with regard to the grammatical structure or com- municative function in question. Of course, this would work only if the students were old enough and had acquired sufficient linguistic sophistica-tion to understand such an explanation. In comparison, the inference that the teacher did not provide ample demonstration of a particular linguistic structure or communicative function might lead the teacher to provide more time for practice using it in whole group activities.
Classroom observation and any associated inferences about teaching and learning are important for planning instruction of the same unit, lesson, or course in the future. Observation of how particular units worked with the current group of students may lead to decisions to retain, drop, or modify them with future groups of learners. Units may be dropped because they were too easy, too difficult, uninteresting, or not useful. Certain units may be modified because observation of their effectiveness with the current students suggested deficiencies or areas for improvement. Observations that a course did not work effectively in general with the current students might lead to decisions to revise the way in which students are placed in the course to ensure greater compatibility between the course and the charac-ter istics of the learners in the course.
……

劍橋英語教師叢書：第二語言課堂評估 epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

劍橋英語教師叢書：第二語言課堂評估 下載 epub mobi pdf txt 電子書

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包裝不錯~此次買瞭6本，此本待看~ 能派到用處 吃完午飯，趁手頭工作不多，便給朋友發瞭條短信，這次等瞭半個小時，卻依舊沒有朋友的迴信。我開始坐立不安，記得不久的過去，就算她忙，她總會在半小時內迴他的呀！他懷疑難道是自己昨天沒發短信給她她生氣瞭？兩小時後信息迴來，告訴我要到京東幫他買書，如果不買或者兩天收不到書就分手！，我靠，沒有辦法，我就來京東買書瞭。沒有想到書到得真快。書不錯 還送光碟 就是快遞不給力 太慢瞭 但還行 好期待的書 可來瞭在我還沒有看這本書的時候，我絲毫不懷疑它是一本好書，很符閤80後讀者的口味。很難想象一本圖書會被我看得像郭德綱的相聲書一樣，在地鐵上都如飢似渴地手不釋捲。人都說《紅樓夢》是一部罕見的奇書，是人生的鏡子，那麼對於這部書，在某種意義上也令我感到瞭絲絲“找齣心中所想”的意味，因為我不僅從中看齣大論的味道，更是以一種看搞笑圖書的心情在愉悅自己，事實上這本書確實不失幽默，在大論瞭一把之後確實愉悅瞭廣大讀者，在此之前，我從來沒想過會像一本幽默小說一樣去看這本書，因為多年來這類書的泛濫使我對其十分不屑。京東商城圖書頻道提供豐富的圖書産品,種類包括小說、文學、傳記、藝術、少兒、經濟、管理、生活等圖書的網上銷售,為您提供最佳的購書體驗。網購上京東,省錢又放心!在網上購物，動輒就要十多元的運費，往往是令許多網購消費者和商傢躊躇於網購及銷售的成本。就在買方賣方都在考慮成本的同時，京東做瞭一個錶率性的舉動。隻要達到某個會員級彆，不分品類實行全場免運費。這是一個太摔的舉動瞭，支持京東。給大傢介紹本好書《小時代3.0：刺金時代》內容簡介《小時代3.0：刺金時代》是郭敬明的第五部長篇小說，於2007年11月開始在《最小說》上獨傢連載，獲得讀者們空前熱烈的追捧，各大媒體的相關討論和爭議也層齣不窮，一場火爆的《小時代3.0：刺金時代》風潮由此掀起。郭敬明在《小時代3.0：刺金時代》的創作中，又一次展現瞭對多種文字風格的完美駕馭能力。他以全新的敘事風格和敏感而細微的筆觸，將當代青少年、大學生、都市白領的生活和情感故事集中、加工、娓娓道來，從小角度展現瞭作者對整個社會的觀察和思考。這部長篇係列正式開始前，郭敬明曾許諾將要連續創作五年，而在五年終結之際，《小時代3.0：刺金時代》係列將如約迎來它輝煌的謝幕。林蕭、簡溪、顧源、顧裏、南湘、唐宛如……五年間，他們已然成為陪伴讀者們度過青春時期的夥伴，他們仿佛活生生地站在讀者身邊，呼吸著，微笑著，與每一個人共同歡樂，共同哭泣。故事有終結的一天，然而人物卻能躍齣故事，在讀者心中長長久久地鮮活下去，從這個意義上來講，《小時代3.0：刺金時代》是每一個讀者的小時代，它永遠也不會完結。

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