电子关联和磁性 [Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

电子关联和磁性 [Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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电子关联和磁性 [Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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内容简介

　　The one-term, 4-hours-a-week course on magnetism presented a chal-lenge known to all physicists in the field: research interests in the past half a century have been dominated by the effects of strong electron-electron interaction, while standard solid state physics textbooks re-main within the bounds of band theory which is a suitable language for weakly correlated systems, and then add a chapter on Heisenberg magnets whose very existence is in contradiction with the rest of the material, and gets never properly justified. The usual way of clarifying these matters is to go through a formal education in many-body theory, and to learn about strong correlation effects piecemeal from its applica-tions (and breakdowns). This, however, is usually the beginning of the professional career of a theoretician, and it may not be the most recom-mendable approach for others, One takes a long time to discover that there is a unified, non-formal way of thinking about strong correlation phenomena that has long been shared by experimentalists and theoreti-cians in the field; it can be called elementary and should be accessible to all - but it cannot be found in the well-known textbooks.

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目录

Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Magnetism and Other Effects of Electron-Electron Interaction
1.2 Sources of Magnetic Fields
1.3 Getting Acquainted: Magnetite
1.3.1 Charge States
1.3.2 Spin States
1.3.3 Charge Ordering
1.4 Variety of Correlated Systems: An Outline of the Course

2 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Hydrogen Atom in a Magnetic Field
2.1.1 Non-Relativistic Treatment
Motion in a Magnetic Field
Zeeman Effect (I)
2.1.2 Relativistic Effects
Spin-Orbit Coupling
Zeeman Effect (II)
Problem 2.1
2.2 Direct Exchange
Problem 2.2
2.3 Many-Electron Ions
Problem 2.3
2.3.1 Coupling to the Magnetic Field
Digression: The Bohr-Van Leeuwen Theorem
2.3.2 Hund's Rules
Problem 2.4
2.4 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
2.4.1 Paramagnetic Susceptibility
Magnetization Curve
Problems 2.5-2.8
2.4.2 Diamagnetism
Digression: Superstrong Fields
2.5 Hydrogen Molecule
2.5.1 Direct Exchange in Non-Orthogonal Orbitals
2.5.2 Kinetic Exchange
2.5.3 Molecular Orbitals versus Heitler-London
Solutions to the Problems

3 Crystal Field Theory
3.1 Incomplete Shells in an Anisotropic Environment: CrystaIFields
3.2 The Role of Symmetry Arguments in Quantum Mechanics
3.2.1 Irreducible Representations
3.3 The Octahedral Group
Problems 3.1-3.2
3.4 Symmetry Properties of Atomic States
3.5 Splitting of a d-Level in Cubic Field
3.5.1 Quenching the Orbital Angular Momentum
3.5.2 Partial Restoration ofOrbitalMomentum by Spin
Orbit Coupling
Problems 3.3-3.4
3.5.3 High-Spin versus Low-Spin States
3.6 Jahn-Teller Effect
3.7 Time Reversallnvariance
3.8 The f2 Configuration
3.8.1 Cubic Crystal Field
3.8.2 Tetragonal Crystal Field
3.8.3 Metamagnetic Transition
3.8.4 Exchange Induced Magnetism
Problems 3.5-3.6
3.9 DoubleGroups
……
4 Mott Transition and Hubbard Model
5 Mott Insulators
6 Heisenberg Magnets
7 Itinerant Electron Magnetism
8 Ferromagnetism in Hubbard Models
9 The Gutzwiller Variational Method
10 The Correlated Metallic State
11 Mixed Valence and Heavy Fermions
12 Quantum Hall Effect
A Hydrogen Atom
B Single-Spin-Flip Ansatz
C Gutzwiller Approximation
D Schrieffer-Wolff Transformation
Bibliography
Index

前言/序言

电子关联和磁性 [Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

电子关联和磁性 [Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism] 下载 epub mobi pdf txt 电子书 2024

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电子关联和磁性,电子关联和磁性

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电子关联和磁性,电子关联和磁性

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很好的一本书，非常感谢

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极好的物理书籍！送货、服务都很好，感谢京东！凝聚态理论的长足进展已经搞清楚了许多材料的物性问题，但是还存在一些疑难问题悬而未决，其中最突出的莫过于强关联电子体系的问题。所谓电子关联，就是意味着电子和电子之间存在库仑相互作用，这一点也不稀奇，传统的能带理论在处理固体中的电子系统时，首先是忽略了电子之间相互作用，将电子系统视为相互独立的理想气体，考虑单电子与晶体的周期结构之间的相互作用，从而得到了固体的能带结构，然后再引入电子间的相互作用加以修正。强关联电子体系是指电子间的交互作用不可忽略的系统。在简单的固体理论中，固体中电子之间的静电相互作用被忽略了，不会出现在哈密顿算符里。故各个电子被看成是独立的，不会相互影响。然而，在许多物质中，静电能不能被忽略。当把这一部分能量写入哈密尔顿量，就得到强关联模型（或赫巴德模型(Hubbard model))。在强关联电子体系[1] ，由于电子之间的强相互作用，导致了许多新奇的物理现象。如高温超导体、二维电子气中的分数量子霍尔效应、锰氧化物材料中的巨磁阻效应、重费米子系统、二维高迁移率材料中的金属－绝缘体相变、量子相变和量子临界现象、一维导体中的电荷密度波等等部分强关联电子体系显示出奇异的量子相变现象。量子相变是在接近绝对零度时, 量子系统随着外界参量的变化, 其基态从一种关联（有序）的状态到另一种关联状态的转变。零温下的量子相变点是物质基态相图中的一个奇异点，其重要意义在于控制着有限温度的大片量子涨落区域，表现出一系列完全不同于普通金属的热力学和动力学输运性质，即所谓的量子临界现象或非费密液体行为。量子临界现象为人们解释部分强关联电子体系低温下的奇异金属态或新物质态提供了一种新的微观图象。

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