西方人文经典读物：形而上学（英文版） [Metaphysics] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

西方人文经典读物：形而上学（英文版） [Metaphysics] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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西方人文经典读物：形而上学（英文版） [Metaphysics] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

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形而上学（又称玄学）亦即对世界本体以及人自身存在本质的探寻发轫于上古的“轴心时代”，这种探寻构成了各民族文化的底里。亚里士多德全面系统地整合了古希腊数百年自然哲学与精神哲学的成果，进而提出“存在是什么”的问题，对存在本身进行追问，从而将古希腊哲学提升到纯粹形而上学的层面。亚里士多德由此展开对存在的分类，规定了实体的存在才是真正独立的存在，而其他一切属性的存在乃至一切范畴的存在都因这一实体的存在而得以存在。
亚里士多德的本体论（或称存在论）是他对后世哲学的贡献，难怪黑格尔称其为古希腊多才、渊博深刻的天才。

内容简介

METAPHYSICS is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name. The principal subject is "being qua being"， or being understood as being. It examines what can be asserted about anything that exists just because of its existence and not because of any special qualities it has. Also covered are different kinds of causation， form and matter， the existence of mathematical objects， and a prime- mover God.
The Metaphysics is considered to be one of the greatest philosophical works. Its influence on the Greeks， the Arabs， the scholastic philosophers and even writers such as Dante， was immense.

作者简介

ARISTOLE， （384 BC-322 BC） was a Greek philosopher and polymath， a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects， including physics， metaphysics， poetry， theater， music， logic， rhetoric， linguistics， politics， government， ethics， biology， and zoology.
Together with Plato and Socrates （Plato's teacher）， Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy， encompassing morality and aesthetics， logic and science， politics and metaphysics.

目录

BOOK I
BOOK II
BOOK III
BOOK IV
BOOK V
BOOK VI
BOOK VII
BOOK VIII
BOOK IX
BOOK X
BOOK XI
BOOK XII
BOOK XIII
BOOK XIV

精彩书摘

This implies that change was necessary; but he shows no cause of the necessity. But yet so far at least he alone speaks consistently; for he does not make some things perishable and others imperishable， but makes all perishable except the elements. The difficulty we are speaking of now is， why some things are perishable and others are not， if they consist of the same principles.
Let this suffice as proof of the fact that the principles cannot be the same. But if there are different principles， one difficulty is whether these also will be imperishable or perishable. For if they are perishable， evidently these also must consist of certain elements （for all things that perish， perish by being resolved into the elements of which they consist）; so that it follows that prior to the principles there are other prinaples.
But this is impossible， whether the process has a limit or proceeds to infinity. Further， how will perishable things exist， if their principles are to be annulled? But if the principles are imperishable， why will things composed of some imperishable principles be perishable， while those composed of the others are imperishable? This is not probable， but is either impossible or needs much proof. Further， no one has even tried to maintain different principles; they maintain the same principles for all things. But they swallow the difficulty we stated first as if they took it to be something trifling.
（11） The inquiry that is both the hardest of all and the most necessary for knowledge of the truth is whether being and rutty are the substances of things， and whether each of them， without being anything else， is being or unity respectively， or we must inquire what being and unity are， with the implication that they have some other underlying nature. For some people think they are of the former， others think they are of the latter character. Plato and the Pythagoreans thought being and unity were nothing else.
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前言/序言

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西方人文经典读物：形而上学（英文版） [Metaphysics] epub pdf mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024

西方人文经典读物：形而上学（英文版） [Metaphysics] 下载 epub mobi pdf txt 电子书 2024

评分☆☆☆☆☆

我十分满意。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

失望，普及性读本，非学术性版，没有边码，也没有原书的版权，无法引用，懒得退了。

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　　10.结束对先前哲学家的考察，回到可能发生疑问的难题上来

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　　第一卷

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我为什么喜欢在京东买东西，因为今天买明天就可以送到。我为什么每个商品的评价都一样，因为在京东买的东西太多太多了，导致积累了很多未评价的订单，所以我统一用段话作为评价内容。京东购物这么久，有买到很好的产品，也有买到比较坑的产品，如果我用这段话来评价，说明这款产品没问题，至少85分以上，而比较垃圾的产品，我绝对不会偷懒到复制粘贴评价，我绝对会用心的差评，这样其他消费者在购买的时候会作为参考，会影响该商品销量，而商家也会因此改进商品

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很好很强大 很好很轻松

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没学古希腊语，先读英文吧

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十分不错，值得一读，对提高思想很有帮助。

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　　“有技术的人比有经验的人更加智慧，因为智慧总是伴随着认识”

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