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读《耶路撒冷三千年》,了解真实的耶路撒冷,就会明白世界为何演变成今天的模样。耶路撒冷曾被视为世界的中心,是基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教三大宗教的圣地,是文明冲突的战略要冲,是让世人魂牵梦绕的去处,是惑人的阴谋、虚构的网络传说和二十四小时新闻发生的地方。
作者西蒙·蒙蒂菲奥里依年代顺序,以三大宗教围绕“圣城”的角逐,以几大家族的兴衰更迭为主线,生动讲述了耶路撒冷的前世今生;作者通过大量的田野调查和文献考据,以客观、中立的角度,透过士兵与先知、诗人与国王、农民与音乐家的生活,以及创造耶路撒冷的家族来呈现这座城市的三千年瑰丽历史,还原真实的耶路撒冷……
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Jerusalem is the universal city, the capital of two peoples, the shrine of three faiths; it is the prize of empires, the site of Judgement Day and the battlefield of today’s clash of civilizations. From King David to Barack Obama, from the birth of Judaism, Christianity and Islam to the Israel-Palestine conflict, this is the epic history of three thousand years of faith, slaughter, fanaticism and coexistence. ? How did this small, remote town become the Holy City, the “center of the world” and now the key to peace in the Middle East? In a gripping narrative, Simon Sebag Montefiore reveals this ever-changing city in its many incarnations, bringing every epoch and character blazingly to life. Jerusalem’s biography is told through the wars, love affairs and revelations of the men and women—kings, empresses, prophets, poets, saints, conquerors and whores—who created, destroyed, chronicled and believed in Jerusalem. As well as the many ordinary Jerusalemites who have left their mark on the city, its cast varies from Solomon, Saladin and Suleiman the Magnificent to Cleopatra, Caligula and Churchill; from Abraham to Jesus and Muhammad; from the ancient world of Jezebel, Nebuchadnezzar, Herod and Nero to the modern times of the Kaiser, Disraeli, Mark Twain, Lincoln, Rasputin, Lawrence of Arabia and Moshe Dayan. ? Drawing on new archives, current scholarship, his own family papers and a lifetime’s study, Montefiore illuminates the essence of sanctity and mysticism, identity and empire in a unique chronicle of the city that many believe will be the setting for the Apocalypse. This is how Jerusalem became Jerusalem, and the only city that exists twice—in heaven and on earth.From the Hardcover edition. 作者简介
Simon Sebag Montefiore read history at Cambridge University. His books have been published in more than thirty-five languages. Potemkin: Catherine the Great’s Imperial Partner was short-listed for the Samuel Johnson, Duff Cooper and Marsh Biography prizes in Britain. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar was awarded the History Book of the Year Prize at the British Book Awards. Young Stalin won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography, the Costa Biography Award (U.K.), le Grand Prix de la biographie politique (France) and the Bruno Kreisky Prize for Political Literature (Austria). A Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, Montefiore lives in London with his wife, the novelist Santa Montefiore, and their two children. 精彩书评
Jackson Diehl …sweeping and absorbing…a master of colorful and telling details and anecdotes…Montefiore's account is admirably dispassionate and balanced… —The Washington Post Jonathan Rosen In Jerusalem: The Biography, Simon Sebag Montefiore unleashes so many kings, killers, prophets, pretenders, caliphs and crusaders, all surfing an ocean of blood, that the reader may begin to long for redemption, not from the book, which is impossible to put down, but from history itself…Montefiore…has a fine eye for the telling detail, and also a powerful feel for a good story—so much so that his vastly enjoyable chronicle at times has a quasi-mythic aspect. —The New York Times Book Review Fewer Reviews Publishers Weekly Popular historian Montefiore (Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar) presents a panoramic narrative of Jerusalem, organized chronologically and delivered with magisterial flair. Spanning eras from King David to modern Israel with rich anecdotes and vivid detail, this exceptional volume portrays the personalities and worldviews of the dynasties and families that shaped the city throughout its 3,000-year history. Montefiore explains how religious and political influences created the city’s character, while fostering its stature as a center of the Western religious world. He effectively demonstrates how political necessity stimulated and inspired religious devotion and how the portrayal of Jerusalem as a holy city sacred to three religions is relatively recent. Chapters are organized by epochs: Judaism, paganism, Christianity, Islam, Crusade, Mamluk, empire, and Zionism, with the body of the book ending with the Six-Day War. A balanced epilogue considers Jerusalem in the context of recent events. Drawing upon archival materials, archeological findings, recent scholarship, and his own family’s papers (he is descended from the 19th-century Jewish leader Moses Montefiore), Montefiore delivers Jerusalem’s unfolding story as epic panorama and nuanced documentary history, suitable for general and scholarly audiences. Photos and maps. (Oct.) Library Journal Few historians have demonstrated the vision, mastery, and boldness necessary to publish on a subject so vast and in such detail as Montefiore (Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar). Since Jerusalem's origins as a settlement more than 5000 years ago, its history, in the author's citation of 19th-century British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, is "the history of the world." Montefiore explains the city's significance to the three Abrahamic faiths, the idiosyncrasies of its builders and conquerors, and the persistent perception there of a "divine presence." Montefiore starts with King David (he takes the Old Testament as the historical source), gets to the "quixotic and risky but pious" Crusades about halfway through the book, and goes on to note such "pilgrims" as Rasputin and Mark Twain. He confronts challenging questions, including the destruction of the Temple at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E. and by Titus in 70 C.E. and the remarkable "Dome of the Rock," and he moves onward to the creation of modern Israel. VERDICT A marvelous panorama for all readers with an interest in religious studies or world history. [See Prepub Alert, 4/4/11.]—Zachary T. Irwin, Pennsylvania State Univ.-Erie Kirkus Reviews The sanguinary story of thousands of years of conflict in the home city of religions. Perhaps it's impossible to write disinterested history, but Montefiore (Young Stalin, 2007, etc.) endeavors to do so—and largely succeeds. The author sees Jerusalem not just as the setting for some of history's most savage violence—some of the butchery makes Titus Andronicus look like a Sesame Street segment—but a microcosm of our world. Our inability to achieve sustained peace there is emblematic of our failures around the globe. Montefiore begins in 70 CE with the assault of the Roman leader Titus (not Andronicus) on Jerusalem, an attack featuring thousands of crucifixions of Jews—not to mention eviscerations to extract from the bowels of the victims the valuables they'd swallowed. The author then retreats to the age of the biblical David, and away we go, sprinting through millennia, pausing only for necessary explanations of politics, religion, warfare and various intrigues. The story is horribly complex, and Montefiore struggles mightily to make everything clear as well as compelling, but the vast forest of names, places, events sometimes thoroughly conceals some small treasure at its heart. Still, the history is here: Nebuchadnezzar, the Herods, Alexander the Great, Jesus, Pilate, Caligula, Paul, Titus, Justinian, the Arabs and the Muslims, the Crusades, Richard the Lionheart, Saladin, Suleiman, Ottomans, Napoleon, Disraeli, Lawrence of Arabia, Zionism. There are even some guest appearances by Thackeray, Twain and Melville. Suddenly, we are in the 20th century, and only the names and the killing technology have changed. The author ends with the 1967 Six-Day War and with some speculations about the future. An essential text, bathed in blood, lit with faint hope.
耶路撒冷:一座圣城的兴衰与变迁 深入探索人类历史上最复杂、最引人入胜的城市之一 作者:[此处应填写《耶路撒冷:三千年史》的真实作者姓名,例如:Simon Sebag Montefiore] 译者:[此处应填写真实译者姓名,如适用] 本书并非聚焦于某一特定历史时期的事件,而是以宏大的叙事结构,追溯了耶路撒冷这座举世闻名的城市,自其诞生之初,直至现代的数千年间,所经历的无尽的荣耀、冲突、毁灭与重生。 本书以一种既具学术严谨性又不失引人入胜的文学笔触,描绘了耶路撒冷如何从一个不起眼的迦南定居点,逐步蜕变为连接三大一神教信仰的中心,以及它在世界舞台上所扮演的关键角色。我们不会仅仅停留在对神圣遗迹的罗列,而是深入剖析生活在这座城市中的不同族群——犹太人、基督徒、穆斯林、罗马人、拜占庭人、十字军、奥斯曼帝国统治者、英国托管当局乃至现代以色列和巴勒斯坦人民——他们如何塑造了这座城市的物理面貌和精神内核。 第一部分:古老的奠基与王权的崛起 故事始于青铜时代晚期,耶路撒冷,那时被称为“乌鲁萨利姆”(Urusalim),还是一个相对偏远的贸易节点。本书将详细考证考古发现与圣经文本的交叉印证,描述大卫王如何将其定为统一以色列王国的首都,并引入约柜,奠定其作为犹太民族精神中心的地位。随后的章节将聚焦于所罗门王宏伟的圣殿的建造,这座象征着神圣权威的建筑,如何吸引了周边国家和朝圣者的目光,也为后续的冲突埋下了伏笔。 我们审视了这座城市在第一圣殿时期(公元前10世纪至公元前6世纪)的政治结构、社会阶层以及宗教仪式的演变。从希西家王改革的艰难尝试,到亚述和巴比伦的围城,城市的命运紧密地与迦南地区的权力更迭相连。巴比伦的陷落,标志着第一次大规模流亡的开始,这座城市的核心身份第一次遭受了物理上的剥夺,但精神的纽带却愈发坚韧。 第二部分:征服、毁灭与信仰的重塑 本书详尽地再现了希腊化时期,亚历山大大帝的东征如何将耶路撒冷卷入更广阔的地中海政治漩涡。我们探讨了马加比家族的起义,这是一场关于文化认同和宗教纯洁性的激烈斗争,最终导致了哈斯蒙尼王朝的建立,一个短暂的独立自主时期。 真正的转折点出现在罗马共和国的介入。本书细致描绘了希律大帝统治下的城市景象——一个充满宏伟建筑和尖锐社会矛盾的熔炉。随后,我们深入分析了公元一世纪犹太战争的爆发,罗马军团的残酷镇压,以及公元70年第二圣殿的焚毁。这一灾难性事件不仅是犹太历史的伤疤,更是重塑了世界范围内犹太教形态的关键时刻。 在随后的拜占庭时代,耶路撒冷作为基督教的圣地地位被确立。君士坦丁大帝的介入使得圣墓教堂等重要地标拔地而起,城市的面貌开始向一个以基督信仰为中心的方向转变。我们将探究基督教徒、撒玛利亚人和日益增长的犹太散居群体在这一时期的共存与摩擦。 第三部分:伊斯兰的黎明与宗教的交汇 公元七世纪,伊斯兰教的兴起为这座古城带来了第三个重大的宗教维度。本书描绘了哈里发奥马尔和平接收耶路撒冷的场景,以及“圣城”地位的确立。我们详细考察了圆顶清真寺(Dome of the Rock)和阿克萨清真寺的建造,这些壮丽的建筑不仅是工程学的奇迹,更是伊斯兰教在地理和神学上确立其在圣地的存在感。在伍麦叶王朝和阿拔斯王朝的统治下,耶路撒冷成为东西方贸易和学术交流的重要枢纽,多种文化在此交汇融合。 然而,这种相对的和谐并非一帆风顺。随着法蒂玛王朝的兴衰和塞尔柱人的渗透,东西方之间的紧张关系加剧,为即将到来的决定性冲突——十字军东征——铺平了道路。 第四部分:十字军的血与火,以及奥斯曼的统治 十字军东征是耶路撒冷历史上最血腥、最具颠覆性的篇章之一。本书详尽再现了1099年十字军攻陷耶路撒冷的过程,描绘了拉丁王国建立后的社会结构,以及欧洲骑士精神与东方复杂政治现实的碰撞。圣殿骑士团和医院骑士团的兴衰,构成了这一时期独特的军事与宗教景观。 萨拉丁的胜利标志着穆斯林对圣城的重新控制,这本书深入分析了萨拉丁如何平衡军事胜利与对不同信仰群体的宽容政策,试图重建一个更加包容的宗教共同体。 随后的几个世纪里,十字军与穆斯林势力反复争夺这座城市,直到奥斯曼帝国的崛起。苏莱曼大帝对耶路撒冷城墙的重建工作,为这座城市注入了新的活力,奠定了我们今天所见部分城墙的基础。奥斯曼统治下的耶路撒冷,是一个多民族、多宗教并存的帝国边疆城市,其日常生活的细节、税收制度以及对朝圣者的管理,都在本书中有细致的描绘。 第五部分:近代性的冲击与现代的挣扎 进入19世纪,西方列强的介入,以及现代化思潮的涌入,对这座千年古城造成了巨大的冲击。我们审视了犹太复国主义运动的兴起及其对城市人口结构和土地所有权的影响;同时,穆斯林社群内部寻求现代化的努力也在此背景下展开。 本书的高潮部分,聚焦于两次世界大战及其后果:第一次世界大战中奥斯曼帝国的崩溃,英国托管的开始,以及“贝尔福宣言”带来的复杂期望。战后,城市被分割为犹太区和阿拉伯区,紧张局势一触即发。 最后一章将目光投向1948年独立战争(或称“灾难之年”)的残酷进程,城市被分割的痛苦现实,以及随后的几次中东战争对耶路撒冷物理和政治地理的重塑。本书旨在以历史的纵深感,审视当代关于耶路撒冷主权归属的争论,探讨这座城市在不同民族记忆中扮演的、往往相互矛盾的角色。 通过对考古学、文献资料和第一手回忆录的综合运用,本书呈现了一幅无与伦比的耶路撒冷全景图,它不仅是一座城市史,更是人类信仰、权力、身份认同与永恒冲突的缩影。