全球通史（上下）（第7版）（英文影印版） epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

全球通史（上下）（第7版）（英文影印版） epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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全球通史（上下）（第7版）（英文影印版） epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

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編輯推薦

近年來，在用全球觀點或包含全球內容重新進行世界史寫作的嘗試中，最具有推動作用的那些著作恰恰是由曆史學傢個人獨立完成的，其中以斯塔夫裏阿諾斯的《全球通史》最為著名。
――傑弗裏?巴勒剋拉夫
《全球通史》給瞭我強烈的真實感：它是一種思想武器，可以用來救治我們現在所麵臨的由於陶醉於技術進步而産生的深重的精神危機；它有助於人們理解未來，包含各種可能性和選擇的未來。
――阿諾德?湯因比

內容簡介

《全球通史(上下)》本書初版問世以來，贊譽如潮，被譯成多種語言流傳於世，可謂經典之中的經典。後經作者多次修訂增補，現已更新至第7版，在保留原文精華的基礎上，又融入瞭時新的研究成果，使這部名著在內容和體係上更加完善。 尤其值得一提的是，作者文筆雋永、筆力深厚、纔思橫溢，整部著作前後一貫。 這裏呈現原汁原味的英文版以饗廣大讀者，讓您在頗具曆史韻律的行文中思接韆載，視通萬裏。 近年來，在作全球觀點或包含全於內容重新進行世界史寫的嘗試中，最具有推動作用的那些著作恰恰是由曆史學傢個人獨立完成的，其中以斯塔夫裏阿諾斯的《全球通史》最為著名。

作者簡介

斯塔夫裏阿諾斯，是美國加州大學的曆史學教授，享譽世界的曆史學傢，曾獲得過古根海姆奬、福特傑齣教師奬秒各剋菲勒基金奬等一係列學術榮譽。雖然他以《全球通史》享譽世界，但實際上他著述頗豐，還有大量其他傷口為學術界稱道。除《全球通史》外，斯塔夫裏阿諾斯的作品還包括《1453年以來的巴爾乾各國》、《奧斯曼帝國：它是歐洲的病人嗎？》、《全球分裂：第三世界的曆史進程》和《源自我們過去的生命綫：新世界史》等。 斯塔夫裏阿諾斯教授已於2004年3月23日在美國加州荷亞去世，本書不但是斯氏《全球通史》的最新版本，也成瞭其最後版本。

目錄

英文目錄
地圖索引
緻讀者
緻謝
圖片來源
第一編 史前人類
第1章 引言：世界史的性質
第2章 人類——食物采集者
第二編 歐亞大陸的古典文明（公元500年之前）
第3章 最初的歐亞大陸文明
第4章 古典文明開啓歐亞大陸一緻性
第5章 希臘——羅馬文明
第6章 印度文明
第7章 中國文明
第8章 古典文明的終結
曆史對今天的啓示 文明：是禍還是福？
第三編 歐亞大陸中世紀的文明
第9章 中世紀文明形成歐亞大陸一緻性
第10章 伊斯蘭教的興起
第11章 突厥人的濛古人的入侵
第12章 傳統的拜占廷文明
第13章 傳統的儒傢文明
第14章 革命的西方文明
曆史對今天的啓示 發達社會與“遏製領先”
第四編 公元1500年以前的非歐亞大陸世界
第15章 非洲
第16章 美洲和澳大利亞
第17章 歐洲擴前夕的世界
曆史對今天的啓示 曆史中的民族
第五編 1500年以前諸孤立地區的世界
第18章 西方擴張時的穆斯林世界
第19章 西方擴張的儒傢世界
第20章 擴張中的西方文化：文藝復興和宗教改革
第21章 西方文明的擴張：經濟擴張和國傢建設
曆史對今天的啓示 曆史與關於曆史的流行理論
第六編 西方崛起的世界
第22章 西歐的擴張：伊比利息亞階段
第23章 西歐的擴張：荷蘭、法國、英國階段
第24章 俄國在亞洲的擴張
第25章 全球統一性的開始
曆史對今天的啓示 從世界曆史看地區自治與全球統一
第七編 西方據優勢地位時的世界
……
第八編 1914年以來西方衰落與成功的世界
術語錶
索引

精彩書摘

Ⅳ.MONGOL DECLINE
The basic reason for the decline of the Mongols was that they were too few in number and too primitive in relation to their subject peoples.The Mongols， as Pushkin put it， were "Arabs without Aristotle and algebra." This left them wlnerable to assimilation as soon as they dis-mounted from their horses and settled down to enjoy their conquests. In this respect they dif-fered fundamentally from the Arabs， who had both a language and a religion that their sub-jects were willing to adopt and which served as strong bonds for imperial unity. The Mongols，being less advanced than the Arabs， enjoyed no such advantage. Rather， the opposite was the case with them， for they adopted the languages，religions， and cultures of their more-advanced subjects and thereby lost their identity. This was the root reason why their empire dissolved so soon after its creation.
Indicative of the assimilation process was Kublai Khan's decision to move the Mongol cap-ital from Karakorum to Peking. Inevitably he became a Chinese-style emperor， ruling from a palace of Chinese design， conducting elaborate Confucian ceremonies， and building new Con-fucian temples. As the Grand Khan， he was nominally the suzerain of all the Mongol khanates. Actually his authority did not extend beyond China. His brother Arikboga had con- tested his election as Grand Khan. Kublai Khan had prevailed only after a four-year struggle.Then he was challenged by his cousin， Kaidu，who controlled Turkestan， and the ensuing forty-year civil war ended in stalemate. Thus the Mongol Empire was shattered by internal dynas-tic rivalries as well as by cultural assimilation.
While Kublai Khan was becoming a Chi-nese emperor， Hulagu was becoming a Persian ruler. With Tabriz as his capital he established the so-called Ilkhanate. （The term Ilkhan means "subject Khan" and was applied to the Mongol rulers of Persia as subordinates to the Grand Khan.） His successor's adoption of Islam in 1295 as the offiaal religion both reflected and acceler-ated the Mongols' assimilation into their Iran-ian-lslamic milieu. Likewise the Golden Horde across the Caucasus went its own way， influ-enced by the native Christian Orthodox culture and by the official Islamic creed. Before long the only remaining pure Mongols were those in ancestral Mongolia， where they came under the influence of Buddhism and sank into impotent obscurity.
It is a tribute to Marco Polo's keen insight that he foresaw Mongol decline even when he was serving under the great Kublai Khan. In his account of his travels， Marco Polo made the fol-lowing significant analysis of the assimilation of the Mongols by the people they conquered.
All this that I have been telling you is true of the manners and customs of the genuine Tatars [Mon-gols]. But I must add also that in these days they are greatly degenerated； for those who are settled in Cathay have taken up the practices of the Idolaters of the country， and have abandoned their own institu-tions； whilst those who have settled in the Levant have adopted the customs of the Saracens.
Ⅴ.TURKISH REVIVAL
Since the Mongols were so few in number， they had taken an ever-increasing proportion of Turks into their armies. Then with the breakup of the empire these Moslem Turks quickly came to the fore， as they had earlier in the caliphate before the Mongol onslaught. A succession of military adventurers now rose and fell in the struggle for control of the central Eurasian steppes. The most remarkable of these was Timur， known to Europe as Tamerlane. He seized Samarkand in 1369， and from there he struck out in all direc-tions. First he destroyed the Ilkhanate in Persia and Mesopotamia， then defeated the Golden Horde in Russia and the Ottoman Turks in Asia Minor， and he even invaded India and sacked Delhi. He was determined to make his capital，Samarkand， the finest city in the world， and after each campaign he sent back caravans loaded with booty， together with craftmakers，artists， astrologers， and scholars. At its height，his empire extended from the Mediterranean to China， and Timur was preparing to invade the latter country when he died in 1405. His empire then disintegrated even more rapidly than that of the Mongols.
……

前言/序言

全球通史（上下）（第7版）（英文影印版） epub pdf mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024

全球通史（上下）（第7版）（英文影印版） 下載 epub mobi pdf txt 電子書

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